Transparency, Resiliency, and Sustainable Supply Chain Network Design by Considering New Technology

ABSTRACT The design of a transparent supply chain is a crucial factor in building trust for traceability and cost allocation across various industries, especially in the pharmaceutical sector. Therefore, when designing a supply chain, both the product's position and the payment process must be simultaneously considered. To address the complexities of this model, emerging technologies have been integrated into a robust stochastic programming model. In this model, a probabilistic optimization approach is employed to minimize costs while considering factors such as sustainability, flexibility, and transparency. Results indicate a cost reduction of approximately 0.1% compared to traditional methods. A sensitivity analysis revealed the impact of various parameters on the model's accuracy. Additionally, it was found that the utilization of Transparency Tools (TRT) within the supply chain can enhance flexibility, transparency, and efficiency, leading to cost reductions, particularly at all levels of demand.