Assessment of genetic variability for intraspecific hybrid derived from muskmelon and Mangalore melon (Arka Siri × SS-17)

Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) is a globally valued crop, particularly under hot and dry weather. Its nutritional richness and culinary versatility make it a significant horticultural commodity. However, challenges in shelf life motivate genetic enhancements, including cross-breeding with Mangalore melon (culinary melons) known for their extended shelf life. Understanding genetic variability, heritability, and gene action is pivotal for targeted breeding. The F3 generation of the intraspecific cross Arka Siri x SS-17 was studied for quantitative traits like vine length, fruit attributes, yield parameters, and shelf life. The significant variation observed in fruit yield, average fruit weight, and shelf life within the F3 families provides a diverse genetic pool from which superior lines can be selected and bred for improved Muskmelon varieties. Traits like vine length, fruit length, and average fruit weight showed strong genetic basis with high heritability and genetic advance and hence could be improved by direct selection. Fruit width and flesh thickness were observed to have a positive correlation with yield. Average fruit weight emerged as a key trait directly impacting yield, guiding breeding strategies. Although shelf life showed negative correlations with some traits, its indirect effect on yield through average fruit weight suggests opportunities for improvement while maintaining or enhancing yield. The study highlights significant genetic variability in the hybrid population, particularly in traits influencing yield and shelf life. This information guides targeted breeding efforts to develop improved muskmelon varieties meeting market demands effectively.