Review on three-point bending test for evaluating the mechanical properties, fracture behavior, and adhesion strength of coating/substrate systems

Abstract Applying a coating to substrates is widespread across various industrial domains, aimed at tailoring base material properties for specific applications. The three-point bending test has emerged as a critical tool for evaluating the mechanical characteristics of coating/substrate systems, ensuring integrity and safe operation under high contact loads and harsh environments. This paper reviews the literature pertaining to the assessment of coated specimens by the three-point bending test. Interesting insights are reported on describing test process, coating/substrate configurations, and important techniques used in combination for an easier and clearer understanding of the obtained results. Specifically, this paper comprehensively discusses and reviews the various outstanding goals that could be achieved by subjecting the coated specimen to the three-point bending test. The mechanical properties that could be acquired from this test are exhaustively enumerated, along with an explanation of the methodology. Finally, the different methods to assess the coating/substrate integrity are summarized. These insights aim to provide guidelines for gaining benefits and using them effectively for studying other coating/substrate assemblies.