Well-to-wheels emissions of garbage trucks fuelled with compressed biomethane

• Compressed biomethane lowers GHG from garbage trucks by 75 % compared to CNG. • CCU and CCS technologies play a pivotal role in reducing GHG from biomethane production. • Feedstock selection for AD affect WTT emissions and contributes to waste management. The transition to biofuels, particularly biomethane from waste biomass, is seen as a positive step towards decarbonising transport. Environmental benefits are enhanced by capturing and using or sequestering off-gas CO 2 from biogas upgrading, and by developing interconnected systems of waste collection, biomethane production, pressurization, and vehicle refuelling. This well-to-wheels analysis focuses on garbage trucks to evaluate various production and management scenarios with different carbon capture strategies, identifying the best combination of feedstock and technology. The use of diverse feedstocks for anaerobic digestion and the geographical spread of biogas plants in Italy, together with its high production potential, provide a solid basis for analysis. Results indicate GHG emission reductions for compressed biomethane ranging from 55 % to 75 % compared to compressed natural gas, potentially higher with certain feedstocks and carbon capture technologies, which can completely counter climate change impacts from anaerobic digestion and biogas upgrading.