Feasibility of photovoltaic systems with grid-connected in residential building, Nizwa City, Oman using Homer software

The study case is designed as a 10 kW PV solar system, battery 6.4 kWh-48V-125Ah and inverter with a grid network using data from Nizwa, Oman, using HOMER software and extracting the results after entering the required parameters, which is obtaining minimum cost of energy and determining the amount of CO2 emissions will be avoided. Two configurations of hybrid energy systems, including PV/Grid and PV/Grid/ Battery are analyzed and compared through optimization of energy sources in HOMER. The system's ideal solution is to use 24 PV solar panels connected to a converter of 10 kW with a grid network. Homer software shows that the PV solar system works perfectly; it illustrates the number of hours of operation is 4362 hours/year. The PV system produces 14,756 kWh/year alone. The results demonstrate that combining a PV solar system and a grid system is viable, and it generates 21,712 kWh/year. It has economic and environmental feasibility, as it was found that the Cost of Energy COE per kilowatt is $ 0.039, compared to the standard system stand-alone of the grid system and PV/Grid/Battery, which is $ 0.052 and $ 0.059, respectively. Thus, the annual energy-saving cost of the hybrid system PV/Grid is $ 282.43. In addition, the Total Capital Cost is $ 6,000, and the Net Present Cost (NPC) is $ 11,102.05 for the optimal configuration of the PV/Grid system in terms of the environmental feasibility of producing 14,765 kWh/yrs, carbon emissions have decreased from 7,230,440 g to 4,413.01 g, with a difference of 7,226,026.99 g of carbon dioxide CO2. Thus, it can be avoided via this proposed hybrid system (PV/Grid).