Optimización del manejo de residuos orgánicos en plantaciones de cacao: potencial de subproductos en sistemas de economía circular

Cacao is one of the most important crops for Ecuador's economy, particularly in the Amazon region, where its production generates employment and economic development. However, this growth also presents significant environmental challenges, primarily related to the inadequate management of organic waste such as cacao husks and shells. This study analyzed the potential of these by-products within circular economy systems to promote sustainable waste management in cacao plantations, using Loreto Canton in Orellana Province as a case study. The primary objective was to optimize the management of organic waste through valorization strategies that reduce environmental impacts and enhance the social and economic sustainability of local producers. The methodological approach included a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) supported by GaBi software and the TRACI 2.1 methodology, alongside the implementation of a Waste Management Plan with specific indicators for efficiency, waste minimization, recycling, social and economic sustainability, and community education.The results demonstrated a significant reduction in resource consumption, such as water, fertilizers, and chemical inputs (5.13%), and a 200% decrease in the generation of organic, plastic, and hazardous waste, which were valorized through composting, recycling, and the production of industrial goods. These activities generated a 200% increase in income from the sale of by-products, such as husks and shells, and facilitated the acquisition of national and international sustainability certifications.