THE ROLE OF ETHNIC TOURISM IN PRESERVING KAZAKHSTAN'S CULTURAL HERITAGE AND LOCAL TRADITIONS: LITERATURE REVIEW

This study investigates ethnic tourism’s role in preserving cultural heritage and local traditions in Kazakhstan, assessing both benefits and challenges. Materials and Methods – a systematic literature review (SLR) gathered data from Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and Scopus, focusing on empirical studies from 2019 onward on ethnic tourism and cultural heritage preservation. Results and Discussions – the findings indicated that ethnic tourism supported cultural preservation by promoting traditional practices and aiding local communities. However, challenges like limited infrastructure and the commercialisation of culture risk the authenticity and sustainability of these efforts. Ethnic tourism in Kazakhstan plays a crucial role in preserving cultural heritage by offering immersive experiences in local communities' traditions, customs, and socio-cultural aspects. This approach fosters economic development and strengthens national identity and consciousness. The growth of ethnic tourism brings numerous benefits, such as increased income for local communities, diversification of the economy, infrastructure improvements, and the reinforcement of ethnic identity. Additionally, it promotes intercultural understanding and dialogue, contributing to a broader appreciation of cultural diversity. However, challenges accompany this growth. Ethnic tourism can sometimes lead to losing traditional skills, shifts in social behaviour, and potential land conflicts. Inequitable distribution of tourism benefits may exacerbate these issues. Furthermore, over-commercialisation is risky, which can dilute cultural authenticity and erode local traditions. Despite these challenges, ethnic tourism typically has a lower environmental impact. It attracts visitors to less crowded areas, encourages environmental conservation, and supports eco - friendly initiatives. Sustainably managed ethnic tourism can enhance cultural heritage preservation by fostering respect for local traditions while minimising commercialisation risks. By integrating community participation and equitable benefitsharing, ethnic tourism can empower local populations and ensure long-term viability. Additionally, incorporating environmental sustainability into tourism practices can further protect natural and cultural resources for future generations.