Clinical Application Progress of Fecal Calprotectin Combined with Point-of-Care Ultrasound in the Early Diagnosis of Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)是一种在新生儿中较为严重的消化系统疾病，早期诊断对于提高患者生存率十分重要。虽然NEC在临床上的认识逐渐加深，但由于临床表现多种多样，传统的诊断方法可能存在延误和失准的问题。近年来，由于在炎症反应中表现出的高敏感性和特异性，作为特异性生物标志物的粪便钙卫蛋白(FC)逐渐受到关注。同时，作为能够实时评估新生儿肠道状态的快速无创影像学检查技术，床旁超声(Pocus)为NEC的早期诊断提供了新的可能。本文旨在分析粪便钙卫蛋白和床旁超声在新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎中的应用进展，探讨这两种方法在提高NEC早期识别能力方面的临床价值及潜力。Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious digestive disease in newborns, and early diagnosis is important to improve patient survival. Although NEC is gradually becoming better recognized clinically, traditional diagnostic methods may suffer from delays and inaccuracies due to the variety of clinical presentations. In recent years, fecal calreticulin (FC), as a specific biomarker, has been gaining attention due to its high sensitivity and specificity in inflammatory response. Meanwhile, as a rapid and noninvasive imaging technique capable of real-time assessment of the intestinal status of neonates, point-of-care ultrasound (Pocus) offers new possibilities for the early diagnosis of NEC. The purpose of this article is to analyze the progress of fecal calreticulin and bedside ultrasound in neonatal necrotizing small bowel colitis, and to explore the clinical value and potential of these two methods in improving the early recognition of NEC.