Exploring Focused Ultrasound Modulation of Gut Microbes via the Gut-Brain Axis for Alzheimer’s Disease Prevention and Treatment

阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer’s Disease, AD)属于一种神经退行性病变，其核心表现涵盖记忆及认知能力的衰退，进而干扰到患者的日常活动功能。该疾病的病理标志涉及β-淀粉样蛋白(Amyloid-β, Aβ)斑块的积聚、神经纤维缠结的出现以及神经元的显著丢失。近年来，人们日益关注微生物–肠–脑轴对神经系统可能存在的深远影响。作为一种安全且无创伤的治疗手段，聚焦超声技术作为一种新兴的非侵入性疗法备受瞩目。本综述旨在深入探讨肠道微生物经由神经通路、免疫系统、代谢过程及内分泌机制等多维度对大脑功能的调节作用，并开创性地提出利用聚焦超声技术调节肠道菌群，经由脑肠轴途径为AD治疗提供的新策略。Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a demonstrativeness disorder characterized by progressive memory and cognitive decline that significantly impairs daily functioning. The pathological hallmarks include the accumulation of Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, defibrillation tangles, and substantial neuronal loss. In recent years, the macrobiotic-gut-brain axis has garnered increasing attention for its potential role in modulating neurological functions. Focused ultrasound (FUS), a non-invasive and safe therapeutic modality, has emerged as a promising technology in this field. This review aims to comprehensively investigate the regulatory effects of gut microbes on brain function through neural pathways, immune responses, metabolic interactions, and endocrine signaling. Furthermore, we indicatively propose a novel strategy utilizing FUS to modulate gut microbes composition, thereby targeting the gut-brain axis for AD intervention.