Developing graphene oxide@In-Bi alloy composite via layer-by-layer strategy achieving efficient heat dissipation towards thermal interfacial applications

We develop a graphene oxide (GO)@In-Bi alloy composite that exhibits flexibility, leak-proof properties, and efficient interfacial heat transfer. This composite was fabricated using a layer-by-layer strategy for applications in thermal interface materials (TIMs). The incorporation of liquid metal with high thermal conductivity enhances the cross-plane thermal conductivity of the GO film to 1.35 ​W/(m · K) while reducing the thermal contact resistance to 0.47 ​°C ​cm 2 /W. Upon exposure to high-temperature conditions, the In-Bi phase transition occurs, filling the gaps between rough interfaces and facilitating interface wetting, thereby improving heat transfer efficiency. Additionally, due to surface tension effects, the liquid alloy evenly coats the GO surface, providing the composite film with robust mechanical properties and ensuring excellent leak resistance. Overall, this study presents a novel approach for fabricating flexible liquid alloy-based composites with high thermal conductivity and low thermal contact resistance, providing fresh perspectives on the synthesis of TIMs.