Research on Plant Tissue Culture of Rosaceae Fruit Trees

蔷薇科果树品种繁多，适应性强，且其果实口感好，营养丰富，深受消费者喜爱。植物组织培养是一种果树快速繁育的有效方式，近年来，随着基因编辑技术(如CRISPR-Cas9)和分子标记辅助育种技术的快速发展，蔷薇科果树的组织培养研究进入了一个新的阶段。借助基因组学、转录组学以及代谢组学等多种组学技术，科研人员可以更加准确地控制组织培养过程中的基因表达和代谢路径，从而提升愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化与植株再生的效率。此外，纳米材料和新型植物生长调节剂的应用也为组织培养技术的优化提供了新的思路。这篇文章综述了影响蔷薇科果树组织培养的关键因素，并讨论了未来的研究方向，旨在为蔷薇科果树的快速繁殖和基因改良提供理论基础和技术支持。The Rosaceae family encompasses a wide variety of fruit tree species known for their strong adaptability, excellent taste, and rich nutritional content, making them highly popular among consumers. Plant tissue culture is an effective method for the rapid propagation of fruit trees. In recent years, with the rapid development of gene editing technologies (such as CRISPR-Cas9) and molecular marker-assisted breeding techniques, research on tissue culture of Rosaceae fruit trees has entered a new phase. By leveraging multi-omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, researchers can more precisely control gene expression and metabolic pathways during tissue culture, thereby enhancing the efficiency of callus induction, adventitious bud differentiation, and plant regeneration. Additionally, the application of nanomaterials and novel plant growth regulators has provided new insights for optimizing tissue culture techniques. This article reviews the key factors influencing tissue culture in Rosaceae fruit trees and discusses future research directions, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and technical support for the rapid propagation and genetic improvement of Rosaceae fruit trees.