Virulence Factor of Leptospira sp. Causes of Leptospirosis and Its Management

Leptospirosis is often found in tropical and subtropical countries with high rainfall. Leptospirosis outbreaks have been reported throughout the world and in Indonesia is still a problem with the outbreak of several Extraordinary Events in various regions. This bacterium has several virulence factors, including Leptopsiral Microbial Surface Component Recognizing Adhesive Matrix Molecules (MSCRAMM), Lipopolisakarida (LPS), Loa22, LipL32 or hemolysis-associated protein I (Hap I), Protein Len/Protein Lsa24, Protein LigA (Leptospiral Immunoglobulin-Like Proteins) and HemO. The diagnosis of leptospirosis is made based on laboratory examination, but not all countries, especially developing countries, are able to carry out examinations for Leptospira sp., so many cases go unreported. By studying the role of virulence factors, it is hoped that the self-defense mechanisms of bacteria in the host can be identified so that they can increase the potential to prevent their pathogenicity from causing disease. Control of Leptospirosis consists of primary prevention, namely protection of healthy people from VOID Leptospirosis, promotive in nature, and specific protection by means of vaccination; secondary prevention targets people who are already with Leptospira, by preventing complications that can cause death. Efforts to control Leptospirosis must be implemented thoroughly so that outbreaks do not continue.