Body Image, Autonomy, and Vaccine Hesitancy: A Psychodynamic Approach to Anti-Vaccine Individuals’ Resistance

This study examines the psychological and psychodynamic factors influencing vaccine hesitancy, focusing on body image and emotional processing. A cross-sectional observational design was used. Participants from five European countries completed the Body Image and Schema Test (BIST). ANOVA analyses compared cognitive, affective, and behavioral traits between pro- and anti-vaccine individuals. Findings indicate that anti-vaccine individuals exhibit higher levels of autonomy, distrust of authority, and emotional intensity, particularly in the form of heightened fear and anger. Their resistance to vaccination is linked to concerns about bodily integrity and a strong sense of self-protection, reflecting deep-seated psychological dispositions. This study highlights the role of defense mechanisms, personality traits, and social influences in shaping vaccine attitudes. By understanding these psychodynamic underpinnings, public health strategies can be better tailored to address vaccine resistance through targeted communication and interventions. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and healthcare professionals in designing more effective public health campaigns. The repository Open Science Framework link contains data, a complete presentation of the BIST theoretical framework, and a full description of the meaning of BIST Factors and Items.