Emergency Evacuation Capacity Evaluation of High-Speed Railway Stations Based on Pythagorean Fuzzy Three-Way Decision Models

Improving the emergency evacuation capacity of high-speed railway stations (HSRSs) and developing effective emergency management and evacuation plans are crucial issues that need to be addressed by safety and operational departments. Thus, a Pythagorean fuzzy three-way decision (PF-3WD) method was developed to evaluate the emergency evacuation capacity of HSRSs. Firstly, a new Pythagorean fuzzy closeness measure was designed to overcome the shortcomings of the existing Pythagorean fuzzy similarity measures, which ignore the practical semantics of its membership and non-membership values and may be counter intuitive in some cases. Then, PF-3WD models with multi risk preferences were developed and applied to emergency evacuation evaluations. The results showed that the developed PF-3WD method deals with emergency evacuation evaluations effectively. Also, the developed Pythagorean fuzzy closeness measure overcomes the limitations of existing similarity measures by providing a more intuitive, computationally efficient, and semantically meaningful approach to decision-making in emergency evacuation scenarios.