Determination of fruit characteristics and biochemical contents of some almond cultivars (P. amygdalus L.) grown in the Afyonkarahisar/ Dinar region

This study was conducted in a closed almond orchard in the Dinar district, of Afyonkarahisar Province, from 2023-2024. The study aimed to determine the fruit characteristics and biochemical contents of Ferragnes, Ferraduel, and Nonpareil almond cultivars. In the study, the fruit weight ranged from 2.01 g (Nonpareil) to 5.18 g (Ferragnes), the fruit width ranged from 19.87 mm (Nonpareil) to 26.65 mm (Ferragnes), the fruit length ranged from 32.66 mm (Nonpareil) to 39.72 mm (Ferragnes), and the shell thickness ranged from 1.75 mm (Nonpareil) to 3.58 mm (Ferraduel). The kernel weight varied between 1.07 g (Nonpareil) and 1.69 g (Ferragnes), the kernel width between 12.89 mm (Nonpareil) and 16.20 mm (Ferragnes), the kernel length between 22.54 mm (Nonpareil) and 28.40 mm (Ferragnes), the kernel thickness between 6.45 mm (Nonpareil) and 7.65 mm (Ferragnes), and the kernel ratio between 27.29% (Ferraduel) and 53.40% (Nonpareil). In terms of biochemical composition, total oil content ranged from 44.84% (Ferraduel) to 49.02% (Ferragnes), total phenolic content from 361.02 mg GAE/100 g (Nonpareil) to 429.2 mg GAE/100 g (Ferragnes), total flavonoid content from 30.49 mg CAE/100 g (Nonpareil) to 68.64 mg CAE/100 g (Ferragnes), total antioxidant content from 82.98% (Nonpareil) to 87.00% (Ferraduel), and total protein content from 16.64% (Ferragnes) to 19.16% (Ferraduel).