Transforming E-waste into Opportunity: Smart Management and Recycling Solutions for Sustainable Growth in Bangladesh

Introduction Waste management is a pressing challenge in Bangladesh due to rapid urbanization, industrial growth, and insufficient infrastructure. Existing systems struggle to manage increasing waste volumes, leading to environmental degradation and public health concerns. The need for sustainable solutions aligned with circular economy principles is critical for addressing these challenges. Objective This study aims to investigate current waste management practices in Bangladesh, identify systemic gaps, and propose sustainable and innovative solutions. The research seeks to answer how smart technologies and circular economy strategies can optimize resource recovery, reduce environmental impact, and contribute to economic growth. Methodology A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining a scoping review based on the PRISMA framework and secondary data analysis. Over 500 sources were screened, and 45 peer-reviewed studies were selected for detailed review. Quantitative data from government reports, academic studies, and environmental assessments were analyzed. Additionally, a conceptual smart waste management framework was developed, incorporating technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). Results Findings reveal significant inefficiencies in Bangladesh’s waste management systems, including dependency on informal practices and weak policy enforcement. Waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies, organic composting, and improved recycling infrastructure present high-impact opportunities for economic and environmental benefits. Smart technologies can optimize waste collection, sorting, and resource recovery processes. Conclusions The study concludes that integrating smart waste management technologies and circular economy strategies can address the systemic gaps in Bangladesh's waste management. Effective policy reforms, public-private partnerships, and community engagement are essential to ensure sustainable outcomes. Implication of the Study This research contributes a comprehensive framework for sustainable waste management in Bangladesh and similar developing countries. By leveraging advanced technologies and fostering collaborations, the study highlights how waste can be transformed into economic opportunities, reducing environmental risks and promoting long-term sustainability.