New directions for TENS applications: use beyond pain management

Aim: The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of research on the technique of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in applications other than pain management. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar and Medline databases were searched to prepare the manuscript. Original papers, meta-analyses and review papers were included in the review, while conference proceedings and publicity materials were discarded. Conclusion: There is evidence that transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) may have applications beyond pain management. Studies indicate its effectiveness in treating xerostomia, sleep apnea, improving sleep quality, pruritus, gastrointestinal motility disorders, urinary incontinence and wound healing. It can also be used for some indications in children. It is indicated that its effectiveness depends on individual stimulation parameters. In some areas, the effects are not superior to placebo, which requires further research, including long-term studies. Due to its safety and therapeutic potential, TENS can be a complement or alternative to traditional therapies.