NEOLOGISMS IN MODERN UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE STUDIES: DEFINITION, CLASSIFICATION, TRANSLATION

This article deals with the analysis of modern Ukrainian theoretical scholar literature which helps to define the notion of neologism and its distinction from other kinds of new creations in language, to describe the main ways of neologism creation and its functioning in the text, classifications and ways of translation. Neologism is viewed as a new word or a stable word combination, new in form or in content, or in form and content, that possesses the novelty seme for a certain period of time. These are the units that go into lexis-semantic language system, language sphere and that don’t exist in previous period in this language, sublanguage, language sphere. They are built up according to derivation laws of respective language, sublanguage or borrowed from the other language in connection with a need for communication or that go from the language passive layer. Neologisms can be divided into language and author neologisms. The analysis of the neologisms translation ways shows that there is no universal way of neologisms translation. The translation peculiarities of every new word depend on what type of words they belong to (terms, names, synonyms to words that already have correspondences in language etc.). As a rule, one and the same neologism can be translated by different ways. However in time one of the variants ousts others. The main criteria which translator should bear in mind while dealing with the search of correspondence to neologism are brevity and unambiguity. What is important is that the translation variant should be understood by a reader. There are several ways of rendering neologisms: transliteration, transcription, loan translation, descriptive translation or explication, direct involvement. Translation can also include semantic derivation and functional substitution. Factors that influence interpretation and translation of author neologisms include word structure, context, and translator’s background knowledge.