DESI 2024 III: baryon acoustic oscillations from galaxies and quasars

Abstract We present the DESI 2024 galaxy and quasar baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) measurements using over 5.7 million unique galaxy and quasar redshifts in the range 0.1 < z < 2.1. Divided by tracer type, we utilize 300,017 galaxies from the magnitude-limited Bright Galaxy Survey with 0.1 < z < 0.4, 2,138,600 Luminous Red Galaxies with 0.4 < z < 1.1, 2,432,022 Emission Line Galaxies with 0.8 < z < 1.6, and 856,652 quasars with 0.8 < z < 2.1, over a ∼ 7,500 square degree footprint. The analysis was blinded at the catalog-level to avoid confirmation bias. All fiducial choices of the BAO fitting and reconstruction methodology, as well as the size of the systematic errors, were determined on the basis of the tests with mock catalogs and the blinded data catalogs. We present several improvements to the BAO analysis pipeline, including enhancing the BAO fitting and reconstruction methods in a more physically-motivated direction, and also present results using combinations of tracers. We employ a unified BAO analysis method across all tracers. We present a re-analysis of SDSS BOSS and eBOSS results applying the improved DESI methodology and find scatter consistent with the level of the quoted SDSS theoretical systematic uncertainties. With the total effective survey volume of ∼ 18 Gpc 3 , the combined precision of the BAO measurements across the six different redshift bins is ∼0.52%, marking a 1.2-fold improvement over the previous state-of-the-art results using only first-year data. We detect the BAO in all of these six redshift bins. The highest significance of BAO detection is 9.1σ at the effective redshift of 0.93, with a constraint of 0.86% placed on the BAO scale. We find that our observed BAO scales are systematically larger than the prediction of the Planck 2018-ΛCDM at z < 0.8. We translate the results into transverse comoving distance and radial Hubble distance measurements, which are used to constrain cosmological models in our companion paper.

Authors

D. Kirkby (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8828-5463)
C. Ravoux (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3500-6635)
H. E. Noriega (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-3998)
Will J. Percival (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0644-5727)
Ting-Wen Lan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8857-7020)
Vid Iršič (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5445-461X)
Dustin Lang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1172-0754)
Daniel Margala (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5897-1956)
C. García-Quintero (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1481-4294)
Abhijeet Anand (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-1585)
Rongpu Zhou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5381-4372)
Paul Martini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4279-4182)
D. Rabinowitz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4961-7653)
Michael Walther (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1748-3745)
A. G. Smith (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3712-6892)
E. Chaussidon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8996-4874)
A. Muñoz-Gutiérrez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3565-0148)
N. Findlay (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0716-3477)
Humna Awan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2296-7717)
E.A. Zaborowski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6779-4277)
Anand Raichoor (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5999-7923)
Mathilde Pinon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3228-7126)
Ting S. Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9110-6163)
N. Deiosso (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7311-4506)
Alma X. González‐Morales (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4089-6924)
Matthew M. Pieri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0247-8991)
Ann Elliott (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6537-6453)
S. Trusov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2414-6720)
Alejandro Avilés (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5998-3986)
Ruiyang Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7284-7265)
Eva-Maria Mueller (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4536-1999)
S. Kent (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-7420)
Florian Beutler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0467-5438)
N. Palanque‐Delabrouille (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3188-784X)
S. Nadathur (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9070-3102)
H. K. Herrera-Alcantar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9609)
Violeta González-Pérez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9938-2755)
Santiago Avila (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5043-3662)
Jeffrey A. Newman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8684-2222)
J. Ereza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0194-4017)
Gregory Tarlé (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1704-0781)
Kyle Dawson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0553-3805)
L. Napolitano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-8671)
Constance M. Rockosi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6667-7028)
Andreu Font-Ribera (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3033-7312)
Shi-Fan Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5762-6405)
E. Armengaud (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7600-5148)
Jorge L. Cervantes–Cota (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3057-6786)
A. G. Adame (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0594-9391)
Robert Blum (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8622-4237)
F. Valdés (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5567-1301)
D. Green (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0676-3661)
A. Porredon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2762-2024)
Laurent Le Guillou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7178-8868)
Christophe Yèche (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5146-8533)
Licia Verde (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2601-8770)
M. Maus (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9020-911X)
Gustavo Niz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1544-8946)
D. Bianchi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9712-0006)
D. Valcin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0129-0620)
Ben Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4877-1659)
David J. Schlegel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5042-5088)
Ignasi Pérez-Ràfols (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6979-0125)
Axel de la Macorra (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1769-1640)
S. Bailey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4162-6619)
Parker Fagrelius (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6974-5826)
Héctor Gil-Marín (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0265-6217)
A. Bault (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9964-1005)
Martin Landriau (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1838-8528)
Alex Krolewski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2183-7021)
O. Alves
Marcelo A. Alvarez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2796-9650)
Simone Ferraro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4992-7854)
Lado Samushia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1609-5687)
Jundan Nie (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6590-8122)
A. Brodzeller (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8934-0954)
Shaun Cole (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5954-7903)
M. E. Levi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1887-1018)
S. Brieden (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3896-9215)
Nhat-Minh Nguyen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2542-7233)
Rossana Ruggeri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0394-0896)
J. Moon
N. Weaverdyck (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9382-5199)
C. Baltay (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0424-8719)
Marc Manera (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4962-8934)
Sihan Yuan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5992-7586)
G. Gutierrez
J. Lasker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2999-4873)
Naim Göksel Karaçaylı (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7336-8912)
J. Aguilar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0822-452X)
Nikhil Padmanabhan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2885-8602)
Anthony Kremin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6356-7424)
J. Guy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9822-6793)
D. Gruen
David H. Weinberg (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7775-7261)
Eusebio Sanchez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9646-8198)
Satya Gontcho A Gontcho (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3142-233X)
Shadab Alam (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3757-6359)
J. Mena-Fernández (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9497-7266)
Ashley J. Ross (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7522-9083)
S. BenZvi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5537-4710)
Alexie Leauthaud (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3677-3617)
A. Carnero Rosell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3044-5150)
ChangHoon Hahn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1197-0902)
Cheng Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1991-7295)
Christoph Saulder (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0408-5633)
Edward F. Schlafly (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3569-7421)
K. Honscheid (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6550-2023)
Daniel J. Eisenstein (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2929-3121)
A. de Mattia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0920-2947)
Martin White (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9912-5070)
Andrei Cuceu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2169-0595)
A. Slosar
Joseph Harry Silber (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3461-0320)
Cullan Howlett (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1081-9410)
J. Chaves-Montero (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9553-4261)
Michael Wilson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6323-6059)
Arjun T. Dey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4928-4003)
K. Fanning
R. M. Sharples (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3449-8583)
A. Rocher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4349-6424)
E. Paillas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4637-2868)
J. E. Forero-Romero (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2890-3725)
T. M. Davis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4213-8783)
Steven P. Ahlen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6098-7247)
Aaron Meisner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1125-7384)
Pauline Zarrouk (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-9578)
M. Schubnell
Solène Chabanier (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5692-5243)
Biprateep Dey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5665-7912)
Mehdi Rezaie (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5589-7116)
D. M. Alexander (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-6313)
B. Flaugher
M. Rashkovetskyi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7144-2349)
Dragan Huterer A (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6558-0112)
Cullen H. Blake (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5423-5919)
C. Ramírez-Pérez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1258-9353)
S. Eftekharzadeh
Risa H. Wechsler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2229-011X)
John Moustakas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2733-4559)
Rafaela Gsponer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7540-7601)
Shannon Moore (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4986-1659)
Z. Ding (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3369-3718)
Claire Poppett (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0512-5489)
Eric V. Linder (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5536-9241)
D. Forero-Sánchez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5957-332X)
U. Andrade (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4118-8236)
Patrick McDonald (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8346-8394)
Mustapha Ishak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6024-466X)
A. Rosado-Marin
R. Cereskaite
Yu Yu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9359-7170)
Xinyi Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3456-0957)
M. S. Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2652-4043)
Hanyu Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6847-5254)
Hui Kong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9547-0408)
Hee‐Jong Seo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6588-3508)
Jiaxi Yu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7217-8006)
Jiaming Pan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9685-5756)
M. Vargas-Magaña (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3841-1836)
Ying‐Cheng Lai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0723-733X)
T. Tan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8289-1481)
R. Calderón (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8215-7292)
S. Ramirez-Solano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2096-7974)
J.M. Le Goff
V. Ruhlmann-Kleider (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6063-6121)
K. Lodha (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2558-5655)
Hu Zou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6684-3997)
J. Swanson
Jayashree Behera (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2434-5903)
Graziano Rossi
Boryana Hadzhiyska (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2312-3121)
Richard Neveux
P. Doel
Natalie A. Roe
J. Rich (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2777-9317)
B. A. Weaver
R. Miquel
E. Gaztañaga (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9632-0815)
M. Hanif (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2583-5006)
E. Buckley-Geer
Jerry Edelstein (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2419-8819)
S. Penmetsa
L. Medina-Varela
R. Vaisakh
T. Claybaugh
C. Magneville
Adam D. Myers
E. Burtin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0302-5145)
Donal Brooks (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8458-5047)
F. Prada (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7145-8674)
R. E. A. Canning
S. Juneau (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0000-2394)
R. Kehoe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6024-466X)
D. Sprayberry
A. Pérez-Fernández (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1331-4035)
C. Gordon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2561-5733)

Institutions

Boston University (US)
Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ES)
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (IN)
Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES)
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
University of Wyoming (US)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
Space Telescope Science Institute (US)
Universidad de Guanajuato (MX)
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US)
Institute of Space Sciences (ES)
Universities Space Research Association (US)
University of Arizona (US)
Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (IT)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
University of Waterloo (CA)
Universidad de La Laguna (ES)
Universidad de Los Andes (CO)
The University of Texas at Dallas (US)
University of Sussex (GB)
The University of Queensland (AU)
National Taiwan University (TW)
University of Pittsburgh (US)
Southern Methodist University (US)
Ilia State University (GE)
Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
Perimeter Institute (CA)
University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
University of Toronto (CA)
Institute for High Energy Physics (ES)
University of Milan (IT)
Kansas State University (US)
Durham University (GB)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
Brookhaven National Laboratory (US)
Princeton University (US)
University of California, Irvine (US)
Aix-Marseille Université (FR)
University of Utah (US)
University of Cambridge (GB)
Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (FR)
Université Paris-Saclay (FR)
University of Michigan (US)
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (CN)
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KR)
Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (FR)
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (US)
Evgeni Kharadze Georgian National Astrophysical Observatory (GE)
Sejong University (KR)
Center for Theoretical Physics (PL)
Yale University (US)
Sorbonne Université (FR)
Institute for Advanced Study (US)
University of Chicago (US)
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (DE)
Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (ES)
Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (MX)
Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (US)
Excellence Cluster Origins (DE)
Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (FR)
Royal Observatory (GB)
Ohio University (US)
Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian (US)
Summit School (US)
CEA Paris-Saclay (FR)
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (ES)
Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (FR)
Community Science and Data Center (US)
Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados (MX)
Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (FR)
Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe (IT)
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (ES)
Secretaría de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnología e Innovación (MX)
National Astronomical Observatories (CN)
Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (FR)
Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (ES)
University College London (GB)
UK Astronomy Technology Centre (GB)
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
The Ohio State University (US)
University of Rochester (US)
Swinburne University of Technology (AU)
University of Portsmouth (GB)
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (ES)
Universitat de Barcelona (ES)
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
Beihang University (CN)
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (MX)
Korea University of Science and Technology (KR)
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (MX)
Siena College (US)
University of California, Berkeley (US)
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (ES)
Stanford University (US)
Tsinghua University (CN)

Publication Details

Journal: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
Published: 2025-04-01
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/04/012
Citations: 207
Primary Topic: Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Type: article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact: 239.04

DESI 2024 III: baryon acoustic oscillations from galaxies and quasars

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

DESI 2024 III: baryon acoustic oscillations from galaxies and quasars

DESI 2024 III: baryon acoustic oscillations from galaxies and quasars

Abstract

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