Absolute negative mobility of an inertial deformable particle under steady laminar flows

The transport behavior of an inertial deformable particle in a two-dimensional steady laminar flow is numerically analyzed under the influence of a constant force and a periodic potential. By systematically adjusting parameters such as phase difference, target area, potential height, constant force, shape parameter, diffusion coefficient, and Stokes time, we analyze the effects on particle motion and the emergence of absolute negative mobility (ANM). Our results reveal that smaller target areas and moderate potential heights maximize ANM, while increased external force and extreme diffusion or inertia reduce it. We identify an optimal parameter range where negative mobility is most prominent, providing insights relevant to applications in fields like microfluidics and soft robotics.