Wave-structured triboelectric nanogenerator for biomechanical energy harvesting and aerobics motion monitoring

Recently, intelligent wearable monitoring devices have garnered significant attention for their applications in sports performance tracking and monitoring. In this study, a wave-structured triboelectric nanogenerator (WS-TENG) was developed for biomechanical energy harvesting and aerobics posture monitoring. The wave structure was achieved using a silicone flexible substrate fabricated via a reverse molding process. The WS-TENG demonstrated an excellent output performance, with an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 106 V, a short-circuit current (ISC) of 41 μA, and a transferred charge (QSC) of 65 nC. The device achieved a maximum power output of 1.17 mW at an optimal load resistance of ∼10 MΩ. Furthermore, the WS-TENG’s application in aerobics monitoring underscores its potential as a lightweight, flexible, and self-powered solution for capturing complex limb movements, providing real-time feedback to enhance athlete performance and reduce the risk of injuries. This research demonstrates the potential of the WS-TENG as an innovative, lightweight, and self-powered solution for efficient energy harvesting and real-time biomechanics monitoring, advancing applications in sports performance optimization and injury prevention.