Design features for optical-mechanical paths of duplex space optical-communication lines

Subject of study. This study presents the design of optical-mechanical paths for duplex laser space-communication systems, including configurations with a common receiving and transmitting channel and those with separate channels. Aim of study. The aim of this study is to design an optical-mechanical path for a space optical-communication line using commercially available radiation sources and receivers developed for fiber-optic communication systems. This design considers the unique characteristics of laser-radiation propagation in outer space over long distances, enabling communication at data-transmission speeds of up to 11 Gbit/s. Method. The study numerically models the main components of the optical-mechanical path, including the formation of Gaussian beams, performance assessment of information radiation in the receiving channel, and generation of a laser-beacon signal for precise terminal guidance and stable direction maintenance during communication. Main results. A design for an optical-mechanical path for a space laser-communication line, incorporating a guidance and tracking system, is proposed. This system utilizes transceivers and fiber amplifiers originally developed for fiber-optic communication as transmitting and receiving devices. Performance assessments of the guidance and tracking accuracy indicate the feasibility of establishing communication sessions. The proposed solutions enable laser communication at distances of up to 40,000 km, achieving data-transmission speeds of up to 11 Gbit/s. Practical significance. The technical solutions outlined in this work facilitate the design of space terminals for duplex laser communication with improved weight, dimensional characteristics, and performance. The findings will help advance existing approaches to the design of space-communication systems, highlighting their practical applicability and significance.