Stagnation flow of a nanofluid with rough surface and energy dissipation: A tangent hyperbolic model with practical engineering uses

This research investigates the behavior of a nanofluid that describe tangent hyperbolic model with a specific viscosity profile towards a stretching surface with constant permeability. The fluid flow is assumed to be steady, and without significant changes in density. To mange the heat transfer mechanism, heat generation phenomenon is considered. Likewise, the model incorporates key features of nanofluid behavior, including Brownian motion and thermophoresis phenomena, as proposed by the Buongiorno model. The impact of a magnetic field has been examined based on the assumption of low magnetic resistance. The study incorporates realistic boundary conditions, accounting for slip in velocity, temperature, and concentration. Additionally, for more management of heat transfer mechanism, the model considers the impact of variations in certain fluid properties, such as its viscosity and its conductivity. The primary focus is to understand the heat and mass transfer characteristics within the nanofluid flow. The governing equations, derived using boundary layer approximations, are a set of nonlinear partial differential equations. The momentum, energy, and concentration equations are numerically solved using a specific solution approach, employing the shooting method alongside the Runge-Kutta method. This iterative approach refines initial guesses to achieve accurate solutions. Further, the analytical homotopy perturbation method was employed as a verification tool of the validity of the calculations generated from the shooting method for certain special cases of the momentum equation. The study emphasizes the impact of magnetic and Weissenberg numbers on fluid deceleration. Among the main findings from the study, it is observed that viscosity parameter, the thermophoresis factor and Brownian motion contribute to an increase in fluid temperature. Further, the heat transfer rate rises by 7.23% as the slip velocity parameter increases from 0.0 to 0.5, and by 7.23% as the velocity ratio parameter increases from 0.5 to 2.0. The accuracy of the results is validated by comparison with existing literature, showing good agreement with previously published data. • Nanofluid Model: Investigates tangent hyperbolic nanofluid flow towards a stretching surface with constant permeability. • Heat Transfer Mechanisms: Incorporates heat generation, Brownian motion, and thermophoresis based on the Buongiorno model. • Magnetic Field Influence: Examines effects under the assumption of low magnetic resistance. • Slip Boundary Conditions: Considers velocity, temperature, and concentration slip effects. • Variable Fluid Properties: Accounts for variations in viscosity and thermal conductivity.