Principal Components Analysis of Spot Urine Caffeine and Caffeine Metabolites Identifies Promising Exposure Biomarkers of Caffeine and Theobromine Intake in a Cross-Sectional Survey of the United States Population (National Health and Nutrition Exami
With PCA, we were able to identify an underlying correlation structure in the NHANES 2009-2014 data that revealed promising urine exposure biomarkers of caffeine and theobromine intake.
Authors
- Michael E. Rybak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1650-8581)
- Ching-I Pao
- Maya Sternberg (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9762-0350)
Institutions
- National Center for Environmental Health (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Current Developments in Nutrition
- Published
- 2025-04-09
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107441
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Coffee research and impacts
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.39
Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention