Parallel Mach–Zehnder interferometer-based optical ALUs for high-efficiency computing

Abstract This paper presents a novel approach for designing full adder and subtractor functionalities within the optical domain. By leveraging cutting-edge optical technologies, the proposed model achieves a high-quality factor of 60.70 and an extinction ratio of 29.80, outperforming existing methodologies. Furthermore, the model requires only 14 optical cost units, making it a highly efficient and cost-effective solution for optical computing. This study provides an in-depth discussion on the design principles, theoretical analysis, and experimental validation, demonstrating its potential for future high-performance optical computing applications.