ANEMIA FERROPRIVA: MECANISMOS FISIOPATOLÓGICOS, DIAGNÓSTICO E ABORDAGENS TERAPÊUTICAS

The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies iron deficiency anemia (IDA) as the most prevalent nutritional deficiency worldwide, affecting approximately 30% of the global population. While the most frequent causes are associated with blood loss, such as gastrointestinal bleeding and menstruation in women, inadequate dietary iron intake and decreased iron absorption also significantly contribute to the development of IDA. Proper treatment of IDA aims to replenish iron stores and normalize hemoglobin levels, which has proven effective in improving quality of life, reducing morbidity, enhancing the prognosis of chronic diseases, and achieving better pregnancy outcomes. Iron deficiency is commonly observed in various chronic inflammatory conditions, including congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. In this context, this article provides an updated overview of the diagnosis and management of IDA in different clinical settings, including patients with chronic illnesses, those undergoing surgical preparation (preoperative), and pregnant women. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies iron deficiency anemia (IDA) as the most prevalent nutritional deficiency worldwide, affecting approximately 30% of the global population. While the most frequent causes are associated with blood loss, such as gastrointestinal bleeding and menstruation in women, inadequate dietary iron intake and decreased iron absorption also significantly contribute to the development of IDA. Proper treatment of IDA aims to replenish iron stores and normalize hemoglobin levels, which has proven effective in improving quality of life, reducing morbidity, enhancing the prognosis of chronic diseases, and achieving better pregnancy outcomes.