Basic study on underwater acoustic positioning using time-of-flight and direction-of-arrival with semi-circular array

Abstract In this paper, we propose the use of a semi-circular array to achieve two-dimensional positioning in shallow water. We fabricated a semi-circular array and conducted experiments in a coastal area to evaluate an appropriate array signal processing technique. The obtained results suggest that the use of the delay-and-sum beamforming method is suitable for applications allowing some error, while multiple signal classification method provides more precise positioning when additional computational resources are available.