Direct and indirect costs of epilepsy in Mexico: economic and social implications

Abstract Introduction Epilepsy affects 65 million people worldwide, with a prevalence estimate in Mexico between 1 and 2% of the population. In 2006, the estimated cost of treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy in Mexico was approximately USD 2646 per patient, with increased expenses noted in instances necessitating hospitalization. Methods We administered an internet survey disseminated through social networks, aimed at individuals with epilepsy (PWE) and their caretakers residing in Mexico. We examined both direct and indirect costs, encompassing presenteeism and absenteeism metrics (Stanford- 6, WPAIQ-GH) as well as the PHQ- 9 depression scale. Indirect costs were assessed via the Human Capital Method, taking into account productivity losses. Results A total of 465 surveys were completed, comprising 240 from PWE and 225 from caregivers. The annual median cost was $2020.79 USD (IQR: $2474). Both patients and caregivers experienced substantial productivity declines attributable to absenteeism and presenteeism. Conclusions Costs related to epilepsy escalate markedly in drug-resistant cases and with the consumption of third-generation antiseizure medications. Furthermore, epilepsy imposes significant strain on caregivers, diminishing their productivity through both absenteeism and presenteeism.