Mental Health challenges among individuals with disabilities and their caregivers: A cross-sectional study in Vietnam

People with disabilities (PWD) and their caregivers encounter considerable mental health difficulties stemming from physical, psychological, and social pressures. Depression and anxiety are widespread in both demographics, intensified by societal stigma, restricted healthcare access, and financial constraints. Although caregiving offers emotional satisfaction, it also entails psychological and physical burdens, affecting the well-being of both caregivers and persons with disabilities (PWD). This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of depression and anxiety among caregivers and persons with disabilities, emphasizing the psychological burden experienced by both groups. It aims to elucidate the interrelated aspects of their mental health experiences to guide effective interventions and policy suggestions. A cross-sectional study was performed involving 1,847 people from Dong Nai and Tay Ninh provinces in Vietnam. Depression and anxiety levels were assessed utilizing the Vietnamese adaptations of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Statistical studies, encompassing independent t-tests, were employed to compare mental health outcomes between caretakers and people with disabilities (PWD). People with disabilities (PWD) demonstrated markedly elevated levels of depression (M = 0.48, SD = 0.54) and anxiety (M = 0.43, SD = 0.57) in contrast to their caregivers, who exhibited reduced scores for depression (M = 0.25, SD = 0.38) and anxiety (M = 0.28, SD = 0.46) (p < 0.001). These data suggest that although caregivers endure significant psychological suffering, those with disabilities are disproportionately impacted by mental health issues. The research underscores the immediate necessity for specialized mental health therapies for individuals with disabilities and their caretakers. Enhancing access to specialist mental health services, mitigating stigma, and offering structured caregiver support programs are essential for improving well-being in these populations. Policies must prioritize the integration of mental health care within comprehensive disability support frameworks to foster inclusive and sustainable mental health solutions.