Shaping the future of orthodontics with artificial intelligence: An overview of innovations today, insights for tomorrow

Abstract Orthodontics is a specialised discipline of dentistry with a rich history dating back over 3,000 years. Ancient civilisations attempted tooth alignment using materials such as metal bands and catgut. Since its inception, orthodontics has made remarkable advances. Today, with artificial intelligence (AI) emerging as a transformative technology, the industry has shifted dramatically. The present study explores the interaction between orthodontics and artificial intelligence by focusing on its applications in diagnostic methods, treatment planning, and clinical practice. AI has demonstrated tremendous potential for enhancing the accuracy of cephalometric analysis, dental evaluations, facial assessments, and overall treatment outcomes through techniques related to deep learning and neural networks. Despite the promising results of existing applications, significant challenges remain, including algorithmic biases, ethical issues, and data privacy concerns. The present review underscores the limitations while also highlighting opportunities for incorporating AI into orthodontic treatment and emphasising the need for improved datasets and a better understanding of clinical implications. Ultimately, while AI integration has the potential to transform orthodontics, its implementation must be approached with caution in order to uphold ethical principles and promote patient-centred care.