An Overview of the Firefly Genus Pygoluciola Wittmer, a Phylogeny of the Luciolinae Using Mitochondrial Genomes, a Description of Six New Species, and an Assessment of a Copulation Clamp in This Genus (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)

<i>Pygoluciola</i> Wittmer 1939 is overviewed, with an expanded generic redescription comprising 28 species, including 6 new species from China, described from features of males, associated females, and larvae. Their placement in the genus is confirmed by a phylogenetic analysis of their mitogenomes. They include <i>Pygoluciola baise</i> Fu & Ballantyne sp. nov. from Baise City, Guangxi Province; <i>P. manmaia</i> Fu & Ballantyne sp. nov. from Yunnan Province; <i>P. quzhou</i> Fu & Ballantyne sp. nov. from the City of Quzhou in Zhejiang Province; <i>P. tunchangia</i> Fu & Ballantyne sp. nov. from Tunchang county, Hainan Island; <i>P. yingjiangia</i> Fu & Ballantyne sp. nov. from Yingjiang county in Yunnan Province; and <i>P. yupingia</i> Fu & Ballantyne sp. nov. from Mt. Yuping, Hongya County in Sichuan Province. Specimens are assigned to <i>Luciola davidis</i> Olivier, which is transferred to <i>Pygoluciola</i> and redescribed. Species are assigned to one of five Groups we define in the genus, and this classification is challenged by molecular information. We reject the possibility of a copulation clamp in <i>P. kinabalua</i> Ballantyne by dissection of pinned type females and comparison with other species newly described here.