Periodontitis and Associated Syndrome -A Review

Periodontal disease, though primarily induced by bacteria in dental plaque, often manifests as a feature of various syndromes and genetic disorders. These syndromes may either predispose individuals to periodontal conditions or exacerbate pre-existing periodontal issues. Alterations in immune function or structural integrity of periodontal tissues are common in such syndromes, increasing vulnerability to gingival inflammation, attachment loss, and bone resorption. The multifactorial aetiology of periodontal diseases and their association with systemic and genetic syndromes, such as Gottlieb syndrome (aggressive periodontitis), highlight the polygenic and polymicrobial nature of these conditions. While non-surgical, antimicrobial, and surgical therapies remain the standard treatment approaches, their effectiveness in preserving natural teeth in patients with syndromic associations is uncertain. By reviewing syndromes linked to periodontal findings, this study aims to provide clinicians with a clearer understanding of differential diagnoses and case management. Comprehensive, long-term research on these associations is limited, making the identification and management of periodontal syndromes a continuing challenge in clinical practice. This article underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to understanding and treating periodontal diseases in syndromic contexts.