Assessment of patient entrance surface and effective dose in the skull and thoraco-lumbar X-ray examinations

<b>Purpose:</b> The review effort throughout the states was needed by the major concern of increased risk of cancer due to radiation exposure in patients during routine X-ray. This study aims to assess the patient entrance surface dosage during X-ray examinations of the skull and thoraco-lumbar spine.<br /> <b>Materials and methods: </b>Using a CALDOSE software tool, the dosage received by 146 individuals was assessed based on many technical criteria, including the source-to-image receptor distance, photon quantity by mill ampere second, and photon energy by kilo volt peak.<br /> <b>Results:</b> The average entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) is 0.52 for the skull and 0.77 for the thoracic spine. The typical value of the incident air kerma (INAK) is 0.47 for the skull and 0.58 for the thoracic lumbar region.<br /> <b>Conclusions:</b> ESAK and INAK are quite effective for comparing the thoracic spine to the cranium. ESAK and INAK can offer data on dosage reduction that should be utilized in the optimization of skull and thoraco-lumbar X-ray examinations.