When it Comes to Microplastic Pollution, is the Aquaculture Industry a Victim or Perpetrator?

Abstract It is known that aquatic environments become the ultimate sink of emerging contaminants, namely microplastics (MPs). This review focused on exploring the current situation of microplastic presence in aquaculture facilities and aquaculture animals together with potential sources. A total of 90 peer-reviewed publications available on Web of Science were considered in the systematic review. Results revealed the important role of anthropogenic influences near the aquaculture facilities together with internal factors (such as infrastructure, feed, animal behavior etc.). Literature results showed significant variation in microplastic abundance depending on taxa; however, no variation was observed depending on natural feeding preference or habitat of the species. Obtained data proved the widespread presence of microplastics in aquaculture animals that form a potential microplastic intake pathway for humans. This condition triggers microplastic accumulation in human body that might cause decrease in immune system or local particle toxicity. Therefore, necessary legislations should be implemented to sustain economic growth of the industry while reducing concerns regarding consumption of aquaculture products.