Future Generic Skills for Technical Vocational Education Graduates

Global industries are changing rapidly due to technology, automation, and digital transformation, especially with the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). This creates a growing demand for a workforce with adaptable and future-ready skills. In many countries, Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) plays a key role in preparing graduates for industry needs. However, employers seek not only technical expertise but also essential generic skills. This study investigates the essential elements of future generic skills for TVET graduates using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. By meticulously analysing existing research, the study identifies and synthesizes key trends and themes in developing future generic skills. The study highlights the critical role of these generic skills in preparing TVET graduates for future labor markets, stressing the need for innovative teaching methods and collaboration among educators, policymakers, and industry stakeholders. A thorough selection and evaluation process of scholarly articles published in the last decade yielded 11 relevant studies. The findings reveal three primary themes: Generic Skills and Employability, Digital and Technical Competencies, and Integration of Transversal Competences. Soft Skills and Employability include teamwork, communication, creativity, problem-solving, and adaptability, all crucial for job readiness and workplace effectiveness. Digital and Technical Competencies emphasize the growing need for digital literacy, technical skills, and proficiency in Industry 4.0 technologies, driven by technological advancements. Meanwhile, integration of Transversal Competences involves incorporating broad-based skills such as career adaptability, systematic thinking, and lifelong learning into TVET curricula to meet labor market demands. This research offers valuable insights for developing training programs that equip TVET graduates with the necessary skills to succeed in a rapidly evolving job landscape.