Regulamentation criminal liability for bribe extortion in the legislation of foreign countries

The article is a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of criminal liability for extortion of bribes in the legislative systems of foreign countries. Various legal approaches to the qualification of extortion of bribes as an independent crime are considered, as well as examples of judicial practice on which these approaches are based. The study covers the legal systems of the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, France, and other countries. The article describes the features of the crime of extortion of bribes in key articles of the criminal codes and criminal laws of individual states, as well as the impact of international agreements on national laws. Special attention is paid to the law enforcement practices of law enforcement agencies in various countries in the fight against extortion of bribes. It is emphasized that continuous improvement of legislation and judicial practice can increase the effectiveness of countering extortion of bribes and significantly reduce the level of corruption in the state apparatus.