From Sinus to Brain: Frontal Mucocele Complicated by Intracranial Empyema

Mucoceles of sinuses are benign, expansile pseudo-cystic lesions that are typically develop slowly and often present with neurological or ophthalmological complications. We report the case of a 20-year-old male with a frontal mucocele exhibiting intracranial extension. The patient presented with a 3-week history of left-sided frontal swelling accompanied by worsening headaches. Computed tomography (CT) confirmed the presence of a frontal mucocele with significant bone erosion and an associated intracranial empyema. Surgical intervention resulted in a favorable outcome with complete resolution of symptoms. Frontal and fronto-ethmoidal mucoceles, although benign, can cause serious complications, including orbital and intracranial involvement if left untreated. Imaging, particularly CT and MRI, plays a vital role in diagnosis, preoperative planning, and post-treatment monitoring. Surgical management is the treatment of choice, with recurrences being rare. Early detection and management are essential for preventing functional and life-threatening complications.