Endotracheal Actinomycosis Combined With Mucormycosis: A Case Report and Literature Review

Actinomycosis and mucormycosis are rare infections, and their coexistence in a single host is extremely uncommon. Actinomycosis of the trachea is a chronic septic condition caused by actinomycete infection, often misdiagnosed due to the difficulty of obtaining microbiological evidence. Mucormycosis, an invasive fungal infection, is characterised by rapid progression and high mortality, commonly occurring in immunocompromised patients. A 58-year-old woman with poorly controlled diabetes presented with a whitish mass in the main bronchus, identified via bronchoscopy. Pathological biopsy confirmed actinomycosis with mucormycosis. After treatment with cryotherapy, Holmium Laser, amphotericin B, and penicillin, she was successfully discharged. When imaging suggests intratracheal lesions, early bronchoscopy and etiological investigation are crucial to avoid misdiagnosis.