Ultrasound-assisted optimization extraction and biological activities analysis of flavonoids from Sanghuangporus sanghuang

The fungus Sanghuangporus sanghuang possesses notable medicinal and edible characteristics, displaying a diverse array of biological functionalities. This research endeavor seeks to investigate the procedure of extracting flavonoids from S. sanghuang, and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavonoids extraction from S. sanghuang using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), and assess its antioxidant capacity and potential antiproliferative properties. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction resulted in a 2.34-fold increase compared to the hot water extraction method. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to enhance the extraction process of flavonoids from S. sanghuang. The results indicated that the optimal extraction rate of S. sanghuang flavonoids were achieved at 16.16 ± 0.12 %. This was attained at an ultrasound temperature of 50°C using 80 % ethanol concentration and an ultrasound extraction time of 60 min. The S. sanghuang extract was analyzed using UPLC, resulting in the identification of twenty-six distinct compounds. The flavonoids derived from S. sanghuang have demonstrated the ability to effectively scavenge DPPH, superoxide anions (O₂^-·), and hydroxyl free radicals (^·OH), in addition to exhibiting ferric reducing power. Furthermore, it exhibited inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase. The Pearson correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between the antioxidant capacities, encompassing DPPH, O₂^-·, ^·OH, ferric reducing power, and the inhibited α-glucosidase capability. It has been determined that the activity of α-glucosidase can be inhibited by S. sanghuang flavonoids, and this inhibition can be predicted using a model developed with the MATLAB program. In the current investigation, the study successfully demonstrated the inhibitory effects of S. sanghuang flavonoids on cell proliferation and migration in glioma cells. This was achieved through the analysis of CCK-8 assay and wound healing assay, with statistical significance observed (p < 0.05).