Dynamic Battery Temperature Control System Based on Reconfigurable Thermoelectric Arrays—Achieving Dynamic Temperature Uniformity

基于热电效应的可逆性，本研究提出了一种动态可重构热电阵列系统，旨在解决电池组内部温度不均的问题，并实现快速收敛与能量收集。该系统通过动态切换每个热电模块(Thermoelectric Module, TEM)的工作模式——加热、冷却或发电，结合热点追踪技术及模糊PID (Fuzzy-PID)控制算法，实现了按需精准温控，不仅有效维持了电池工作环境的温度均匀性，还最大化利用了热差进行电力回收。实验验证表明，系统温度误差仅为1.77℃，系统超调损耗仅占整体功耗的0.11%，且在能量收集模式下能够达到319 mV的最大俘获电压。这项工作提供了高效绿色的温控解决方案。Leveraging the reversibility of the thermoelectric effect, this study introduces a dynamic reconfigurable thermoelectric array system designed to solve temperature imbalance within battery packs, enabling rapid convergence and energy harvesting. The system dynamically switches the operating mode of each thermoelectric module (TEM)—heating, cooling, or power generation —combined with hotspot tracking technology and a Fuzzy-PID control algorithm, achieving on-demand precise temperature control. This not only effectively maintains temperature uniformity within the battery operating environment but also maximizes the utilization of thermal gradients for power recovery. Experimental validation shows that the temperature error is only 1.77˚C, overshoot losses account for only 0.11% of the total power consumption, and the maximum captured voltage in the energy harvesting mode reaches 319 mV. This work presents an efficient and environmentally-friendly temperature control solution.