Extreme Climate Change, Rainfall and Temperature in South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

Objective: This study investigates extreme changes rainfall and temperature in South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia and the impact of these climate changes, related to SDG 13 (climate action) and SDG 15 (Life on land). Theoretical Framework: Tropical regions such as Indonesia are characterized by a warm climate throughout the year and large variations in rainfall between regions. On the island of Borneo there are three countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam. As a country with a tropical climate, Indonesia only experiences two seasons a year. Method: Climatology data collect from the BMKG database center which is 3 Climatology Stations, namely Gusti Syamsir Alam Meteorological Station (1982-2022), Syamsudin Noor Meteorological Station (1978-2022) and South Kalimantan Climatology Station (2010-2022). Results and Discussion: There have been significant changes in rainfall and temperature over the past 40 years. The maximum daily rainfall occurred in 2021 amounting to 255.3 mm. In January 2021, floods occurred which hit almost all districts in South Kalimantan Province. In that month it rained consecutively for 7 days totaling 628.6 mm from January 10th-16th 2021. The average temperature is 26.7ºC, average temperature increase of 1ºC and the highest maximum temperature was 38.8ºC, maximum temperature increase of 2-5ºC. Research Implications: The island of Borneo is the lungs of the world, so extreme changes in rainfall and temperature in South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia will also have an impact on global climate change. Originality/Value: This study uniquely examines climate change on the island of Borneo, particularly extreme changes in rainfall and temperature.