Analysis of the Effectiveness of Back Attack Positions for Male Athletes in the Indonesian Professional Volleyball League

This study aimed to analyze the success rate of back attacks from three different positions (left, center and right). This study used a quantitative research design to analyze the back attacks performed by a group of male volleyball athletes at the 2024 Proliga (the Indonesian professional volleyball competition). We observed 24 matches from the final matches of four teams of the 2024 Proliga. The research was conducted using a survey method with systematic observation techniques on 24 matches from the four final teams of the 2024 Proliga. The total sample included 656 back attacks analyzed using a set of validated observation instruments. The results showed that the attacks from position 8 (center) had the highest success rate with a percentage of 82.13%. The second most successful attacks were conducted at position 9 (right) with the percentage of 68.44%. In contrast, back attacks performed from the position 7 (left) scored the success rate of 37.24%. Statistical analysis showed p<0.05, indicating a significant difference among attacks carried out from the three positions. Higher success from the middle position is associated with various factors such as wider angles of attack, shorter ball travels, and difficulties in blocking opponents while reading the direction of attacks. The correct position ranked second because it had the advantage of sharp attack angles. In contrast, the left position has the lowest success rate due to the limitations of attack angles, making it easier for the opponent's defense to read. The results of this research can be used to develop better strategies for volleyball matches, especially related to the improvement of back attacks among the volleyball athletes. The results of this study imply the need to improve the effectiveness of back attacks and design training programs that can enhance the quality of back attacks, especially in the context of Indonesian volleyball teams.