The Role of Teachers in Integrating Universal Values in Schools: A Comparative Study Across Educational Levels

This study seeks to find out if physical education teachers include universal values in schools, rather than examining how deeply these values are implemented. The research suggests that the way where universal values are integrated through physical education at different educational levels leads to varying effects, and as a result, the outcomes or consequences will differ. Therefore, it is important to determine if educators have effectively embedded these universal values within their schools. The study adopted a comparative research design, randomly selecting teachers from elementary, junior high, and senior high schools. In the study, the research sample consisted of 111 elementary school teachers, 35 junior high school teachers, and 23 senior high school teachers. In this study, the researcher used the Universal Values in Sport Instrument with a reliability rating of 0.990, which means that the instrument can be used in this study. The results of the study involving physical education teachers at several school levels obtained a p-value greater than 0.05, which means that there was no impact or difference from the results of the study in the 3 schools. Additionally, the minimal effect size suggests that the variations are not sufficiently substantial to hold practical importance. The study's conclusions reveal that educators at all grade levels have effectively incorporated universal values into their institutions through physical education. This insight is crucial as it raises teachers' awareness about these implementations. Furthermore, these findings underscore the need for educators to continually apply universal values in schools through physical education, given that these principles will have a beneficial impact on future life experiences.