Analysis of Earth Bricks from Huimanguillo, Tabasco, Mexico: Physical and Mechanical Properties for Construction Applications

This study evaluates the physical and mechanical properties of three soil samples collected from distinct locations in Huimanguillo, Tabasco, Mexico, to assess their suitability for sustainable construction. The soils were classified as medium plasticity clay (CL) and high plasticity clay (CH) according to the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). Physical properties, including bulk density, moisture content, plasticity, and linear shrinkage, were measured, revealing significant variability that was influenced by mineral composition and geographical origin. Grain size distribution analyses indicated that all samples passed the No. 4 sieve (98–100%), with notable differences in finer distributions across the samples. The load-bearing capacities of bricks made from these soils—both with and without the addition of 20% fine sand—were evaluated. Bricks without additives demonstrated significantly higher compressive strength, with Sample No. 2 achieving 320.0±5.8 g/mm², indicating its potential for structural applications. In contrast, bricks containing fine sand exhibited reduced strength but improved workability, making them more suitable for non-structural uses. These findings highlight the feasibility of using locally sourced soils for sustainable construction, particularly in regions with limited access to industrial building materials. The study underscores the importance of optimizing soil composition to balance strength, workability, and durability, offering cost-effective and eco-friendly architectural solutions for housing and urban infrastructure: the use of locally sourced soil for construction, such as compressed earth blocks, offers significant ecological benefits by reducing carbon emissions, promoting circular economy principles, and conserving natural resources.