Application of a multi-criteria decision-making technique to prioritize the irrigation projects in southern Nepal

ABSTRACT Agriculture is the backbone of Nepal's economy, with the Terai region, characterized by fertile alluvial soil, hosting the majority of irrigation systems. However, ageing infrastructure, inadequate maintenance, and poor project prioritization have severely impacted agricultural productivity. This study addresses these challenges by employing a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach to prioritize irrigation projects based on critical performance indicators such as water conveyance efficiency, application efficiency, and cropping intensity. Field data, including soil moisture, infiltration rates, and evapotranspiration, along with survey data, were utilized to assess five irrigation projects. Results identified the Kiran Nala Lift Irrigation Project as the highest priority for maintenance, while the Rajapur Irrigation Project ranked the lowest. This pioneering application of MCDM in Nepal's irrigation sector provides a robust framework for project prioritization, offering critical insights for improving agricultural productivity through targeted interventions. Practical Applications: This research applies the MCDM approach to assess irrigation projects based on nine key criteria, including efficiency metrics and environmental factors. By systematically addressing the infrastructure and management challenges, this study provides a scientific basis for optimizing irrigation project operations. The findings serve as an actionable tool for policymakers to enhance agricultural output by prioritizing the maintenance of critical irrigation systems.