Evaluation of Color Stability and Surface Abrasion of Nano-modified Glass Ionomer Cement with Dentifrices: An In Vitro Study

Purpose: To evaluate the color stability and surface abrasion of nanoparticle-modified glass ionomer cement (GIC) with dentifrices. Materials and methods: Green-synthesized nanoparticle chitosan–titanium–zirconia–hydroxyapatite (Ch–Ti–Zr–HA) was prepared <i>via</i> a one-pot method and incorporated into conventional GIC at concentrations of 3, 5, and 10% (groups I, II, and III, respectively), with group IV serving as the control. Material characterization was done using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Thirty-two disk-shaped specimens were used to evaluate color stability and gloss before and after simulated brushing. Additionally, 32 extracted molar teeth fulfilling the inclusion criteria were utilized for preparing class I cavities and restored according to group materials to assess surface abrasion. A toothbrush simulator (ZM3.8 SD Mechatronik) applied toothpaste under 3 N pressure for 30,000 cycles at 1.25 Hz, simulating approximately 6 years of brushing. Surface scans before and after brushing were analyzed using Geomagic software to measure root mean square (RMS), maximum deviation, and average deviation, providing quantitative data on abrasion levels. One-way ANOVA was done, followed by Tukey’s <i>post hoc</i> test to determine significant differences between groups. Results: Group II (5%) nanoparticle-reinforced GIC exhibited the least color variation (0.499 ± 0.454) and had superior abrasion resistance with lower RMS deviation (0.073 ± 0.006), maximum deviation (0.668 ± 0.004), and average deviation (0.003 ± 0.001) values compared to all other groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, no significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05) change in gloss was observed when compared to the control group (2.13 ± 1.06). Conclusion: The 5% nanoparticle-modified GIC demonstrated minimal color change, exhibited the lowest abrasion deviation, and maintained gloss levels effectively, suggesting that it will be a promising material in providing long-lasting esthetic and functional outcomes for dental restorations. Further, the long-term performance under dynamic masticatory forces needs to be evaluated. How to cite this article: Palani H, Paulraj J, Maiti S. Evaluation of Color Stability and Surface Abrasion of Nano-modified Glass Ionomer Cement with Dentifrices: An <i><i>In Vitro</i></i> Study. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2025;15(1):10–19.