Advancements in Pathways and Therapeutic Potential of Mitochondrial Transfer/Transplantation

线粒体作为细胞的代谢中心是维持细胞正常生命活动的重要细胞器，其功能状态的异常被认为是引起人类一系列疾病的重要原因。最近研究表明，线粒体可以在不同细胞之间进行水平的转移，发挥改变受体代谢状态，线粒体质量控制，免疫调节等作用，进而影响疾病的发生与发展。因此干预线粒体的转移是治疗线粒体相关疾病的新靶点。本综述概述了线粒体转移的机制和功能，重点聚集该领域的最新进展以及治疗人类疾病的潜力和方法。Mitochondria, as the metabolic hub of cells, are crucial organelles for maintaining normal cellular life activities. Dysfunctional mitochondrial states are recognized as a critical factor contributing to a spectrum of human diseases. Recent studies have revealed that mitochondria can undergo horizontal transfer between cells, exerting profound effects on recipient cells by altering metabolic states, mediating mitochondrial quality control, regulating immune responses, and thereby influencing disease pathogenesis and progression. Consequently, targeting mitochondrial transfer has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy for mitochondria-related disorders. This review summarizes the mechanisms and functions of mitochondrial transfer, with a focus on the latest advancements in this field, as well as its therapeutic potential and methodologies for treating human diseases.