A multi-season analysis of water quality trends from selected water sources in Kyeizooba sub-county, Bushenyi District, Uganda

ABSTRACT Access to safe water is a fundamental human right essential for maintaining well-being, particularly in rural areas where water sources are limited and vulnerable to contamination. This study assessed the quality of 12 water sources in Kyeizooba sub-county, Bushenyi District, Uganda, where agricultural activities, livestock rearing, and domestic waste discharge were identified as major contributors to contamination. Results revealed that nutrient concentrations were notably higher during the wet season, with ammonia levels peaking at 3.55 mg/L, exceeding the WHO limit of 1.5 mg/L, while total suspended solids reached 181.86 mg/L, exceeding internationally accepted limits. Water testing in nearby areas showed WQI values of over 400, regarded as extremely unhealthy situations. Dissolved oxygen was 5 mg/L and sometimes lower, thus the quality of the aquatic life was at stake. The multiple linear regression model R2 values of approximately 0.999 prove that the model has exceptional learning skills considering the dataset and the trends to be predicted. Such studies necessitate the quick establishment of advanced sanitation practices, well-directed agriculture waste plans, and notification and education of the community. Identification of the pollution hot spots and emphasis on pollution sources. This research provides useful guidelines for authorities and policymakers to implement strategies that safeguard the community's water quality.