Computational Analysis and Optimization of a Crab-Type MEMS Accelerometer for Wide-Range Acceleration Sensing

Aims: This study designs and analysis of a Crab-Type MEMS accelerometer for high-sensitivity applications under extreme acceleration. It evaluates vibration characteristics, sensitivity, and shock resistance through computational simulations, ensuring suitability for automotive, aerospace, and industrial sensing. Study Design: A computational study using COMSOL Multiphysics and MATLAB for design, modelling, and optimization, conducted over six months in the Department of Mechanical Engineering. Methodology: A 3D model of the accelerometer was created, and finite element simulations analysed its natural frequency, displacement sensitivity, and mechanical shock response. Modal analysis determined frequency response, while displacement-to-capacitance conversion evaluated sensitivity. Shock analysis applied impact loads from -30g to +30g, with von Mises stress distribution assessing mechanical stability. MATLAB-based analytical models validated the results. Results: The accelerometer’s natural frequency (~3.40 kHz) ensures stable operation below resonance. Displacement sensitivity showed a linear relationship between acceleration and proof mass displacement, with improved capacitive sensitivity through electrode gap optimization. Shock analysis confirmed structural integrity under high-impact conditions, with rapid stabilization post-impact, making it suitable for crash detection and aerospace navigation. Conclusion: The Crab-Type MEMS accelerometer exhibits high sensitivity, stable frequency response, and strong shock resistance, making it ideal for precision sensing applications. Future experimental validation and material optimization could further enhance real-world performance.