Artificial intelligence in Indian classrooms: Bridging the digital divide: The AIIF framework for Nep-driven transformation

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 represents a watershed moment in India's educational trajectory, advocating for a learner-centric, technology-infused approach to pedagogy. At the heart of this digital transformation lies Artificial Intelligence (AI), which promises to revolutionize traditional classroom dynamics through personalized learning, intelligent tutoring systems, and data-driven decision-making. This paper constructs a comprehensive theoretical model AIIF (AI Integration Framework) for AI integration in Indian classrooms that aligns with NEP 2020's vision while addressing the unique challenges of a diverse, resource-constrained educational landscape. Through an exhaustive review of global AI applications in education and India-specific implementation challenges, this study identifies critical gaps in infrastructure, teacher readiness, and ethical governance. The proposed conceptual framework adopts a multi-dimensional approach, incorporating policy-stakeholder collaboration, AI-augmented pedagogy, infrastructure development, and ethical safeguards. Methodologically, the research employs qualitative content analysis of policy documents, academic literature, and case studies from comparable developing nations. Key findings suggest that AI can significantly enhance foundational literacy, multilingual education, and teacher effectiveness when implemented through a phased, context-sensitive approach. However, the study also highlights systemic barriers including digital inequality, resistance to pedagogical change, and concerns about data privacy. The paper concludes with a proposed AIIF, which presents actionable policy recommendations, emphasizing the need for public-private partnerships, localized AI solutions, and robust teacher training programs. Future research directions call for longitudinal studies on learning outcomes and the development of culturally-relevant AI tools. This study contributes to the emerging discourse on AI in Global South education systems while providing a blueprint for NEP 2020 implementation.